Faculty Profile

Øyvind Lund Martinsen

Head of Department, Professor - Department of Leadership and Organizational Behaviour

Biography

Oyvind L. Martinsen is professor in organizational psychology at BI-Norwegian Business School in Oslo, Norway. He took his PhD in psychology at the Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen (also in Norway) in 1995 where he was employed from 1990 until 2008 (20% position from 1999).

He came to Norwegian Business School in 1998 as associate professor in leadership and organizational psychology. Here he was also Associate Dean for BI's Master of Management programs from 2003 to 2006. In 2006/2007 he was on leave from BI to be the head of the Norwegian Army's Leadership Research Institute. He  is currently professor in organizational psychology and head of department at Department for Leadership and Organizational Behavior at Norwegian Business School.

Martinsen has written several articles in national and international research journals on leadership, personality, motivation, educational psychology, and creativity, and several book chapters and reports on the same topics. He is editor in chief for the Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, and adjunct professor in leadership at the Norwegian Defence University College.

His current research projects are aimed at military leadership, 360 degree  leadership evaluations, self-leadership, empowering leadership, motivational and personality influences on insight and creativity.

Publications

Sandvik, Alexander Madsen; Selart, Marcus, Schei, Vidar & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2018)

Setting the Scene: Partners’ Leadership Behavior and Employees’ Perceptions of Work Performance in Professional Service Firms

Journal of leadership & organizational studies Doi: 10.1177/1548051818781813

Arnulf, Jan Ketil; Larsen, Kai Rune & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2018)

Respondent Robotics: Simulating responses to Likert-scale survey items

Sage Open, 8(1) Doi: 10.1177/2158244018764803 - Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

The semantic theory of survey responses (STSR) proposes that the prime source of statistical covariance in survey data is the degree of semantic similarity (overlap of meaning) among the items of the survey. Because semantic structures are possible to estimate using digital text algorithms, it is possible to predict the response structures of Likert-type scales a priori. The present study applies STSR in an experimental way by computing real survey responses using such semantic information. A sample of 153 randomly chosen respondents to the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used as target. We developed an algorithm based on unfolding theory, where data from digital text analysis of the survey items served as input. Upon deleting progressive numbers (from 20%-95%) of the real responses, we let the algorithm replace these with simulated ones, and then compared the simulated datasets with the real ones. The simulated scores displayed sum score levels, alphas, and factor structures highly resembling their real origins even if up to 86% were simulated. In contrast, this was not the case when the same algorithm was operating without access to semantic information. The procedure was briefly repeated on a different measurement instrument and a different sample. This not only yielded similar results but also pointed to need for further theoretical and practical developments. Our study opens for experimental research on the effect of semantics on survey responses using computational procedures.

Arnulf, Jan Ketil; Larsen, Kai Rune, Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Egeland, Thore (2018)

The failing measurement of attitudes: How semantic determinants of individual survey responses come to replace measures of attitude strength.

Behavior Research Methods, s. 1- 21. Doi: 10.3758/s13428-017-0999-y

Arnulf, Jan Ketil; Glasø, Lars, Andreassen, Annette Kristin Bøe & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2016)

The dark side of leadership development : an exploration of the possible downsides of leadership development

Scandinavian Psychologist, 3(e18), s. 1- 28. Doi: 10.15714/scandpsychol.3.e18

Kopperud, Karoline & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2016)

Motiverende ledelse

Buch, Robert; Dysvik, Anders & Kuvaas, Bård (red.). Produktiv motivasjon i arbeidslivet

Martinsen, Øyvind L.; Furnham, Adrian & Hærem, Thorvald (2016)

An Integrated Perspective on Insight

Journal of experimental psychology. General, 145(10), s. 1319- 1332. Doi: 10.1037/xge0000208

Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Furnham, Adrian (2016)

The Assimilator-Explorer styles and creativity

Personality and Individual Differences, 98, s. 297- 299. Doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.054

Thompson, Geir; Glasø, Lars & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2016)

Antecedents and Consequences of Envy

Journal of Social Psychology, 156(2), s. 139- 153. Doi: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1047439

Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Furnham, Adrian (2015)

Cognitive styles and performance on complex, structured tasks

Learning and individual differences, 42(Aug), s. 106- 109. Doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2015.07.013

Langvik, Eva Oddrun & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2015)

En trekkteoretisk tilnærming til personlighet

Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen & Hagen, Roger (red.). Personlighetspsykologi

Thompson, Geir; Glasø, Lars & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2015)

The relationships between envy and attitudinal and behavioral outcomes at work

Scandinavian Journal of Organizational Psychology, 7(1), s. 5- 18.

Arnulf, Jan Ketil; Larsen, Kai Rune, Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Bong, Chih How (2015)

A new approach to psychological measures in leadership research.

Scandinavian Psychologist, 2(e4) Doi: 10.15714/scandpsychol.2.e4

Amundsen, Stein & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2015)

Linking Empowering Leadership to Job Satisfaction, Work Effort, and Creativity: The Role of Self-Leadership and Psychological Empowerment

Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 22(3), s. 304- 323. Doi: 10.1177/1548051814565819

This article reports the results from two studies (N = 233 and 161) on the role of self-leadership and psychological empowerment in linking empowering leadership to subordinates’ job satisfaction, work effort, and creativity. In addition, the studies investigated self-leadership as a mediator between empowering leadership and psychological empowerment. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that empowering leadership positively affects psychological empowerment both directly and indirectly, through self-leadership. Psychological empowerment influences both job satisfaction and work effort but not creativity, whereas self-leadership influences work effort and creativity but not job satisfaction. The article discusses the implications of these findings.

Buch, Robert; Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Kuvaas, Bård (2015)

The Destructiveness of Laissez-Faire Leadership Behavior: The Mediating Role of Economic Leader-Member Exchange Relationships

Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 22(1), s. 115- 124. Doi: 10.1177/1548051813515302

Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Glasø, Lars (2014)

Lederes personlighet: hva sier forskningen?

Magma - Tidsskrift for økonomi og ledelse, 17(5), s. 26- 34.

Arnulf, Jan Ketil; Larsen, Kai Rune, Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Bong, Chih How (2014)

Predicting survey responses: How and why semantics shape survey statistics on Organizational Behaviour

PLoS ONE, 9(9:106361) Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106361

Some disciplines in social science rely heavily on collecting survey responses to detect empirical relationships among variables. We explored whether these relationships were predictable a priori from the semantic properties of the survey items, using language processing algorithms are now available as new research methods. Language processing algorithms were used to calculate the semantic similarity among all items in state-of-the-art surveys from organizational behavior research. These surveys covered areas such as transformational leadership, work motivation and work outcomes. This information was used to explain and predict the response patterns from real subjects. Semantic algorithms explained 60-86% of the variance in the response patterns and allowed remarkably precise prediction of survey responses from humans, except in a personality test. Even the relationships between independent and their purported dependent variables were accurately predicted. This raises concern about the empirical nature of data collected through some surveys if results are already given a priori through the way subjects are being asked. Survey response patterns seem heavily determined by semantics. Language algorithms may suggest these prior to administering the survey. This study suggests that semantic algorithms are becoming new tools for social science, and opens perspectives on survey responses that prevalent psychometric theory cannot explain.

Amundsen, Stein & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2014)

Self-other agreement in empowering leadership: Relationships with leader effectiveness and subordinates' job satisfaction and turnover intention

Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), s. 784- 800. Doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.04.007

We investigated the effect of self–other agreement in empowering leadership on leader effectiveness, job satisfaction, and turnover intention using a sample of 50 Norwegian municipal leaders (46 for leader effectiveness) and 168 (158) of their subordinates. The findings indicated that considering both self and subordinate ratings of empowering leadership was useful in predicting the outcome variables. In particular, subordinates of over-estimators reported lower job satisfaction and higher turnover intention. Moreover, leaders who underestimated their leadership were perceived as more effective by their superiors. For agreement (i.e., leader's self-ratings were in agreement with subordinates' ratings) the relationship between empowering leadership and leader effectiveness was curvilinear with an inverted U shape. Agreement in ratings of empowering leadership was not found to be related to subordinates' job satisfaction and turnover intention. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Kopperud, Karoline; Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2014)

Engaging leaders in the eyes of the beholder: On the relationship between transformational leadership, work engagement, service climate, and self-other agreement

Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 21(1), s. 29- 42. Doi: 10.1177/1548051813475666

Amundsen, Stein & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2013)

Empowering leadership: Construct clarification, conceptualization, and validation of a new scale

Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), s. 487- 511. Doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.009

In this paper we discuss key aspects of empowering leadership as a basis for conceptualizing and operationalizing the construct. The conceptualization resulted in eight behavioral manifestations arranged within three influence processes, which were investigated in a sample of 317 subordinates in Study 1. The results supported the validity and reliability of a two-dimensional, 18-item instrument, labeled the Empowering Leadership Scale (ELS). In Study 2 (N = 215) and Study 3 (N = 831) the factor structure of ELS was cross-validated in two independent samples from different work settings. Preliminary concurrent validation in Studies 1 and 2 found that ELS had a positive relationship to several subordinate variables, among others self-leadership and psychological empowerment. In Study 3 ELS was compared with scales measuring leader–member exchange (LMX) and transformational leadership. Discriminant validity was supported, and moreover, ELS showed incremental validity beyond LMX and transformational leadership when predicting psychological empowerment.

Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Glasø, Lars (2013)

Personlighet og ledelse

Rønning, Rune; Brochs-Haukedal, William, Glasø, Lars & Matthiesen, Stig Berge (red.). Livet som leder : Lederundersøkelsen 3.0

Martinsen, Øyvind; Kaufmann, Geir & Furnham, Adrian (2011)

Cognitive Style and Creativity

Runco, Mark A. & Pritzker, Steven R. (red.). Encyclopedia of Creativity, Two-Volume Set, 2nd Edition

Martinsen, Øyvind; Nordvik, Hilmar & Østbø, Laila Eriksen (2011)

The NEO PI-R in a North European Context

Scandinavian Journal of Organizational Psychology, 3(2), s. 58- 75.

Results from four studies on three Norwegian translations of the NEO PI-R (Costa & McCrae, 1992) are reported. In the first study, 380 subjects with a mean age of 38 years completed the first translation. In the second study, 620 subjects with a mean age of 30 years completed the second translation. In our third study, 3447 subjects with a mean age of 31 years completed a version of the inventory based on the two former translations. The first three studies were generally based on data from research settings. Finally, in a fourth study, 4105 subjects with a mean age of 41 completed the “merged” NEO PI-R as part of the selection and counseling processes. The original five- factor structure was well replicated across studies but with minor exceptions for a few facet loadings. Congruence coefficients obtained were .97 and .98 in all four studies. Our findings show consistent support for the factorial stability of the five factor model as measured with the NEO PI-R.

Martinsen, Øyvind (2011)

The creative personality: A synthesis and development of the Creative Person Profile

Creativity Research Journal, 23(3), s. 185- 202. Doi: 10.1080/10400419.2011.595656

Martinsen, Øyvind & Diseth, Åge (2011)

The assimilator–explorer cognitive styles: Factor structure, personality correlates, and relationship to inventiveness

Creativity Research Journal, 23(3), s. 273- 283. Doi: 10.1080/10400419.2011.595998

Swanberg, Anne Berit & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2010)

Personality, approaches to learning and achievement

Educational Psychology, 30(1), s. 75- 88. Doi: 10.1080/01443410903410474

Diseth, Åge & Martinsen, Øyvind (2009)

Personality traits and achievement motives: Theoretical and empirical relations between the NEO Personality Inventory-revised and the Achievement Motives Scale

Psychological Reports, 104(2), s. 579- 592. Doi: 10.2466/PR0.104.2.579-592

Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Svaar, Øyvind D. (2008)

360 graders vurderinger av ledere

B. Kuvås (red.), Lønnsomhet gjennom menneskelige ressurser : evidensbasert HRM

Dysvik, Anders & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2008)

The relationship between trainees' evaluation of teaching and trainee performance among Norwegian executive students

Educational Psychology, 28(7), s. 747- 756. Doi: 10.1080/01443410802259253

Mathisen, Gro Ellen; Martinsen, Øyvind & Einarsen, Ståle (2008)

The relationships between creative personality composition, innovative team climate, and team innovativeness; An input-process-output perspective

The Journal of creative behavior, 42(1), s. 13- 31.

This study investigates the relationship between creative personality composition, innovative team climate, and team innovation based on an input-process-output model. We measured personality with the Creative Person Profile, team climate with the Team Climate Inventory, and team innovation through team-member and supervisor reports of team innovativeness. The personality composition in each of 29 teams in a television production company was operationalized by mean scores for each creative personality variable, as well as the combination of different creative personality variables within a team. The team climate variable "vision" mediated the relationship between the mean level of associative orientation in teams and team innovation. The team climate variable "support of innovation" mediated the relationship between the joint variables of mean level of ambition x mean level of motivation and team innovation. The results indicated that when there are relationships between creative personality composition and team innovativeness, they are mediated by an innovative team climate.

Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2005)

Rekruttering

Einarsen, Ståle & Skogstad, Anders (red.). S. Einarsen & A. Skogstad (red.), Den dyktige medarbeider

Martinsen, Øyvind; Nordvik, Hilmar & Østbø, Laila E. (2005)

Norske versjoner av NEO PI-R og NEO FFI

Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 42(5), s. 421- 423.

Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2003)

Strategier for å bedre egen mestringsevne

Geir Thompson (red.): Selvledelse. Menneskelig kapital i det nye arbeidslivet

Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2003)

Introduction to special issue

Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 47(3), s. 227- 233.

Diseth, Åge & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2003)

Approaches to learning, cognitive style, and motives as predictors of academic achievement

Educational Psychology, 23(2), s. 195- 207.

Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2001)

Ledelse og kompetansestyring

Perspektiver på ledelse/Ø.Martinsen (red.)

Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2001)

Selvledelse

Perspektiver på ledelse/Ø.Martinsen (red.)

Martinsen, Øyvind; Kaufmann, Geir, Riding, R. & Raynor, S. (2000)

The assimilator-explorer cognitive styles and their relationship to affective-motivational orientations and cognitive performances

International perspectives on individual differences. Vol. I: New developments in cognitive/learning styles

Martinsen, Øyvind; Kaufmann, Geir, Runco, M. & Pritzker, S. (1999)

Cognitive style and creativity

Encyclopedia of creativity

Martinsen, Øyvind (1998)

Kompetanseendring

Berg, M.; Martinsen, Ø. & Thompson, G. (red.). Ledelse, kompetanse og omstilling

Martinsen, Øyvind (1997)

The construct of cognitive styles and its implications for creativity

High Ability Studies, 8, s. 135- 158.

Martinsen, Øyvind (1997)

Conducting evaluation surveys using internet

Sanchez-Meza, D.; Lambert, J., Apollon, Daniel & Van Den Branden, J. (red.). Crosscultural and linguistic perspectives in European distance learning

Martinsen, Øyvind (1997)

Kompetanseanskaffelse gjennom rekruttering

Lai, Linda (red.). Strategisk kompetansestyring

Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Hærem, Thorvald (2017)

Seng-buss-bad-fenomenet

Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]

Amundsen, Stein & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2016)

Gi makt til de ansatte

Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]

Amundsen, Stein & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2016)

‘Empowering leadership’ improves firm productivity

LSE Business review [Kronikk]

Arnulf, Jan Ketil & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2011)

Ledelstalent

Dagens næringsliv [Kronikk]

Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Amundsen, Stein (1)

Power to the people: Empowering leadership increases job satisfaction, effort and creativity and thus improves firm productivity

BI Leadership Magazine [Kronikk]

Glasø, Lars & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2018)

Forskning på selvledelse

Glasø, Lars & Thompson, Geir (red.). Selvledelse: Teori, forskning og praksis

Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Lai, Linda (2017)

Problemløsning, beslutninger og kreativitet i organisasjoner.

Einarsen, Ståle; Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Skogstad, Anders (red.). Organisasjon og ledelse

Martinsen, Øyvind L.; Arnulf, Jan Ketil, Larsen, Kai Rune, Olsson, Ulf Henning & Satorra, Albert (2017)

Semantic influence on the measurement of leadership: A multi trait-multisource perspective.

[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management.

Einarsen, Ståle; Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Skogstad, Anders (2017)

Organisasjon og ledelse

[Textbook]. Gyldendal Akademisk.

Thompson, Geir; Glasø, Lars & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2016)

Antecedents and consequences of envy in organizations

[Academic lecture]. International Congress of Psychology.

Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2016)

The relationship between prior experience and creative problem solving performance

[Academic lecture]. International Congress of Psychology 2016.

Sandvik, Alexander Madsen; Martinsen, Øyvind L., Schei, Vidar & Selart, Marcus (2015)

Two Kinds of Leadership and the Role of Self-leadership and Creative Climate on Work Performance

[Academic lecture]. 17th European Congress of Work and Organizational Psychology.

Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2015)

Perspektiver på ledelse

[Scientific book]. Gyldendal Akademisk.

Arnulf, Jan Ketil; Larsen, Kai Rune & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2015)

Leadership in language: Differential impact of media language on leadership survey responses

[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management meeting 2015.

Glasø, Lars & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2015)

Personlighet og ledelse

Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen & Hagen, Roger (red.). Personlighetspsykologi

Sandvik, Alexander Madsen; Martinsen, Øyvind L., Schei, Vidar & Selart, Marcus (2014)

Two kinds of leadership: The role of self-leadership and creativity in leadership on work performance.

[Academic lecture]. NEON konferansen.

Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2013)

Forskning på transformasjonsledelse

Glasø, Lars & Thompson, Geir (red.). Transformasjonsledelse

Farstad, Christian; Arnulf, Jan Ketil & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2012)

Narcissism As Antecedent To Motivation To Lead

[Academic lecture]. European Academy of Management Conference.

Sandvik, Alexander Madsen & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2011)

The leadership of knowledge workers: mediating and moderating effects

[Academic lecture]. Academy of management annual meeting.

Arnulf, Jan Ketil; Andreassen, Anette, K. B. & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2010)

Dark Side of Leadership Development: Can Leadership Development Be Harmful?

[Academic lecture]. 118th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association.

Arnulf, Jan Ketil; Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Gimsø, Christian Enger (2010)

A study on the creative personality, narcissism, and creativity

[Academic lecture]. APA Annual Convention.

Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2009)

Self leadership

[Academic lecture]. 14th European Congress on Work and Organizational Psychology.

Martinsen, Øyvind L.; Lang-Ree, Ole Christian, Almås-Sørensen, A.L & Arnulf, Jan Ketil (2009)

The validity of a five factor model of personality under two different testing conditions

[Academic lecture]. ECP Congress.

Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Kopperud, Karoline (2008)

Leading the good working life. Positive impacts of transformational leadership and self leadership

[Academic lecture]. European Conference on Positive Psychology.

Swanberg, Anne Berit & Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2008)

Mediator effects of approaches to studying and learning

[Academic lecture]. European Learning Style Information Network, ELSIN Annual conference.

Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2004)

A new 360 degree measure of leadership processes

[Academic lecture]. Forskning ved Institutt for samfunnspsykologi 2004.

Martinsen, Øyvind L. (2001)

Perspektiver på ledelse

[Scientific book]. Gyldendal Akademisk.

Diseth, Åge & Martinsen, Øyvind (2000)

Approaches to learning, cognitive style and motivation as predictors of acadamic achievement

[Academic lecture]. ELSIN 2000.

Martinsen, Øyvind (1998)

Nyhetssøkende problemløsning

[Popular scientific article]. Bergens Tidende

Academic Degrees
Year Academic Department Degree
1995 University of Bergen Ph.D Dr. Philos.
Work Experience
Year Employer Job Title
2011 - Present BI Norwegian Business School Professor
1998 - 2011 BI Norwegian Business School Associate Professor

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