To ensure cooperation, parties in inter-organizational relationships (IORs) draw upon both control and trust. Yet, how control–trust dynamics change as IORs evolve remains unclear. This study illuminates the interplay between control–trust dynamics and IOR dynamics by unpacking how control and trust refer to and create one another through action–reaction cycles. We find that conflicting enactments of vulnerability and risk caused by critical incidents lead to tensions between the parties (IOR dynamics) regarding how and when they rely on control and trust. Consequently, coping practices are applied to redefine the controlling and trusting domain and mediate between the multiple and temporal domains to ensure that control and trust refer to and create one another to (re)form positive expectations. The study's main implication is that it makes little sense to study control-trust dynamics in IORs, like other relational phenomena, in isolation and at a single point in time.
Franco Torres, Manuel; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Ugarelli, Rita Maria (2021)
Understanding the governance of urban water services from an institutional logics perspective
In recent decades, the urban water sector has experienced accelerating social complexity that derives from conflicting goals and beliefs, making the sustainability of the sector primarily a governance issue. However, existing governance models do not reflect the new reality. There is thus an urgent need to develop an urban water governance model reflecting this increasing complexity, to support sustainable governance. We integrate concepts from sociology, institutional theory and sustainability transitions to build a governance framework that includes interactions of social structures, and practices, shaped by different institutional logics and categorised at strategic, tactic, operational, and reflexive level.
Digitalisering er på full fart inn i bygg- og anleggsnæringen (BA-næringen). Prosjektstyring, konstruksjon og byggeprosess digitaliseres og de analoge byggetegningene erstattes av interaktive, digitale modeller som kan deles på tvers av fag og organisasjoner. Ny teknologi gir mange muligheter for å organisere arbeidet annerledes. Tungt og farlig arbeid kan blant annet erstattes av roboter. Digitale tvillinger av byggerier kan bidra til mange muligheter med tanke på effektivisering av byggeprosessen, forenkling av drift og vedlikehold og støtte til mye annen teknologi som for eksempel bruk av roboter. Denne artikkelen fokuserer på muligheter og betingelser for mer bruk av roboter i BA-næringen. Robotisering i BA-næringen forventes å mer enn doble seg allerede innen 2023 til $166 millioner, så her går utviklingen veldig fort.1 Innovasjoner i semi- og fullautomatiserte roboter kan hjelpe BA-næringen til å bygge mer effektivt (mindre sløsing, til lavere kostnader, raskere) og sikrere. Spørsmålet er hvordan robotisering kan gi gevinster og hva som er betingelsene for å utnytte potensialet som ligger i automatisering og robotisering av byggeprosess. Vi vil derfor undersøke hva roboter kan brukes til i byggeprosessen og hva som kreves av omstilling for å utnytte og få effekter av roboter. Vi har gjort en undersøkelse av hvilke type roboter som finnes som kan støtte verdiskapingen i byggeprosessen. Studien baserer seg på gjennomgang av litteratur om robotisering med spesielt fokus på BA-næringen.
Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2018)
Practices in Institutional Prosjects as Moblizers of Change: A Case of Adaptation to Climate Change
This study reveals how learning and experiences accumulated in temporary projects contribute to capability development and change of strategic orientation in project-based organizations. We argue that capability development in project-based organizations must rest upon an understanding of projects as “capability bridges”, thus contrasting extant literature’s common treatise of the temporariness inherent in project-based organizing. This paper presents an analytical framework that identifies how capabilities develop over time and across levels in specific contexts. The empirical data is derived from a longitudinal case study of capability development in an international project-based professional service firm. The case study demonstrates how projects function as bridges connecting both past, present and future, and individual-, project and- organization levels, thus illustrating the temporality of capabilities, on the one hand, and the multi- level features of capabilities, on the other hand. Thus, this study shows how knowledge and experiences accumulated from past and current projects influence the formation of future capabilities and strategies. Simultaneously, anticipations of the future influence current activities and the utilization of past project experiences. This leads to an improved understanding how capabilities are developed across organizational levels and across time.
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Hydle, Katja Maria & Brehmer, Per Olof (2015)
Innovative Capabilities in International Professional Service Firms: Enabling Trade-Offs between Past, Present and Future Service Provision
This study examines the relationship between service provision and innovation in international professional service firms (IPSFs). Through an extended study in one IPSF, we find that innovation stems from the provision of services in the past and present. Different service provisions offer different learning opportunities which influence the modification, renewal, and creation of service concepts,service processes, technologies, and relationships. In order to take advantage of the learning opportunities, certain operational and dynamics capabilities are identified as important. With regard to operational capabilities, understanding customer needs, internal learning, formalization, external and relational learning, integration, and commercialization are identified as important capabilities. Further, two dynamic capabilities driving innovation are identified: learning and knowledge accumulation and scaling and expanding the service portfolio. The learning and knowledge accumulation apability is grounded in the efficient provision of standardized-provided services. By providing these services, insights into customer’s needs are gained, specialized expertise is developed, and reputation and legitimacy for solving novel and complex problems increase. The scaling and expanding capability enables the IPSF to develop customized–co-produced services into standardized-provided services over time with global outreach. Our study shows that careful management of the service portfolio is of utmost strategic importance for the sustainable competitive advantage of IPSFs
This study contributes insights on how actors cope with constraints in ill-structured problem-solving situations, and what implications this coping has for creative action. To date, most research on constraint handling has treated constraints, regardless of their nature, origin, or role, as external factors that enable or hinder creativity. In contrast, we consider constraints to be inextricably intertwined with all creative action. We focus our study on one specific practice for constraint handling: namely, shattering. Empirical data were collected for 12 projects in two engineering consulting firms, and four shattering practices were identified: protesting, proposing, betraying, and sabotaging. We discuss their enactment in various parts of the problem space and their implications for the management of creative action in organizations.
Market transformations and organisational changes lead to new needs for managerial competence, and such changes are proposed to influence the institution of management education over time. However, in an examination of the educational backgrounds of Norwegian CEOs from 1936 to 2009, this paper finds that changes in the institution of management education cannot be interpreted as direct responses to the organisational and external changes that companies face. This study suggests that the institution of management education is modified rather than fundamentally changed. These modifications can largely be explained by the concepts of institutional solidarity (i.e. dominant agents define what management education is, and this understanding is difficult to change due to path dependencies in the recruitment of top managers) and institutional plasticity (i.e. the “stretching” of established institutional scripts to fit new contexts).
Breunig, Karl Joachim; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Hydle, Katja Maria (2013)
Knowing your boundaries: Integration opportunities in international professional service firms
This study presents three different business models (continuous, repetitious, and unique) identified in international professional service firms that pursue a transnational strategy. These business models have varying opportunities for global integration. We extend the integration–responsiveness framework by offering a framework for analyzing how to balance global integration with local responsiveness when pursuing a transnational strategy. By identifying the content, structure, and governance transactions of the three business models, we can determine when to pursue headquarters-initiated global integration and when to choose strategies that ensure local responsiveness and subsidiary competitiveness in local markets.
Hydle, Katja Maria; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Breunig, Karl Joachim (2013)
Transnational practices in communities of task and communities of learning
This article explores situated practices in communities that provide transnational services. Communities of practice generally focus on reinforcing local ties. Our study identifies two distinctive but interdependent communities of practice that are transnational and virtual: one community consists of employees who share work and tasks, labeled communities of task; the other consists of employees who jointly share and create knowledge, labeled communities of learning. We extend the existing community of practice literature by providing a heterogeneous understanding of the different types of situated practices, claiming that the situated practices of sharing work and sharing knowledge stem from the type of participation within the communities, either through service relays or virtual servicing. Empirical data in this study were collected from two transnational professional service firms. Our study shows that both types of communities benefit from managerial facilitation, even though one community type is more formal and the other is informal.
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2012)
Kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere: Koblere og meglere av kunnskap i norsk næringsliv
Magma forskning og viten, 15(1), s. 41- 50.
Amdam, Rolv Petter & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2010)
Utdanning av norske næringslivstopper kontinuitet eller brudd?
Rolv Petter Amdam, Ragnhild Kvålshaugen and Eirinn Larsen (eds.): Inside the Business Schools: The Content of European Business Education
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Løwendahl, Bente R. & Wenstøp, Fred (2003)
Fra beslutning til gjennomføring
Grunnbok i strategi
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Sanchez, Ron & Heene, Aimé (2000)
Implicit Theories of Strategy and Managerial Discretion
Advances in Applied Business Strategy
In this paper the manager's strategic way-of-thinking is in focus. A strategic way-of thinking consists of a number of thematic sets of values, assumptions, beliefs, ideas and thoughts about management and strategic development in organizations. Some of these ideas are implicit (beyond awareness), and are based on some preconceived, implicit understanding of what to do in order to make the "right" choices, and what the "right" choices might be. These preconceived ideas are labeled implicit theories of strategy. The paper explains the concept of implicit theories of strategy, how this concept relates to strategic decision-making and where it originates. Some propositions for further research are suggested related to the topics presented above. Implicit theories of strategy can contribute to a development of the competence-based management perspective and this is also discussed. At the end, some suggestions for how to study implicit theories of strategy are proposed.
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Amdam, Rolv Petter (2000)
Etablering og utvikling av ledelseskulturer: Norsk kenningisme
Nordiske organisasjonsstudier, 2, 1, s. 84- 106.
Artikkelen fokuserer på hvordan en ledelseskultur etableres og utvikles. Hovedvekten er lagt på å forklare hvilke faktorer som er viktige for lederes valg av ledelsesideer og årsakene til at disse ideene blir spredt utover flere bedrifter og over tid. Ledelseskulturen som bidrar til det empiriske grunnlaget for artikkelen er kenningisme - en ledelseskultur som utviklet seg blant norske bedriftsledere som brukte George Kenning (amerikansk ledelseskonsulent) og hans ledelsesprinsipper til å definere hva ledelse er, og som betraktet ham som en betydningsfull rådgiver. Studien viser at en ledelseskultur over tid kan utvikles til å bli en mote. Videre behøver ikke moten nødvendigvis å dø helt ut, men snarere gjenoppstå i en ny og mer moderne utgave. Funnene fra studien antyder også at man bør studere utviklingen av ledelseskulturer i et evolusjonært perspektiv, siden en slik kultur utvikles over tid og gjennomgår ulike utviklingsfaser. The paper focuses on how a management culture was established and developed. The emphasis is on explaining which factors that have major influence on managers' choices of management ideas and the reasons for the diffusion of these ideas among organizations and over time. The case used to exemplify these relationships is the diffu-sion of George Kenning's management philosophy in Norway. He was an American management consultant helping some Norwegian managers to define management and managerial roles. This study shows that a management culture develops over time and after a while even becomes a fashion. It also shows that a management fashion do not necessarily suddenly die. It might be revitalized and arise in new forms. The findings in the study, thus, suggest that applying an evolutionary perspective on the development of a management culture might enhance the understanding of this formation process.
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (1998)
Hvordan påvirker ulike kunnskapskilder lederes praksis
Magma forskning og viten
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (1997)
Sosiale paradokser og organisasjonsutvikling
Beta, s. 62- 73.
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Amdam, Rolv Petter (1)
Educational and Social Construction of Managerial Practice
Vezetéstudomány
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; kratochvil, Renate, Khanamiryan, Mariya & Moore, Graham (2020)
Bort fra dataklemming - byggebransjen inn i den digitale tidsalder
Byggeindustrien [Kronikk]
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Swärd, Anna & Djupvik-Flaa, Petrine (2020)
Mer innovasjon og utvikling i bygg og anleggsnæringen: Gjenta samarbeid!
Er mindfulness et nyttig konsept for å skape bedre organisasjoner eller en ny organisasjonsmote? spør Ragnhild Kvålshaugen og Ingunn Myrtveit ved Handelshøyskolen BI.
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2014)
Ledere må lytte til de som saboterer og sutrer http://e24.no/jobb/ledertalentene/ledertalentene-2014/bi-forsker-ledere-maa-lytte-til-de-som-saboterer-og-sutrer/23298546
E24.no [Internett]
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2014)
Hindringer kan gjøre oss mer kreative - http://www.bi.no/bizreview/artikler/hindringer-kan-gjore-oss-mer-kreative/
Co-creation and the Role of the Customer in Strategizing
[Academic lecture]. Strategic Management Society.
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Tomassen, Sverre (2011)
Coordination Mechanisms as Enablers of Knowledge Sharing in International Professional Service Firms
[Academic lecture]. Strategic Management Society.
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2011)
Kunnskapsbaserte tjenester
[Report]. Handelshøyskolen BI.
Målet med denne studien har vært å undersøke hvordan og på hvilke måter kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere bidrar til innovasjon i en økonomi hvor ulike aktører er tett sammenvevd i et nettverk. Denne studien har hatt to hovedhensikter. For det første å undersøke attraktiviteten til kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere i Norge og deretter forsøke å forstå hvordan de kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteyterne bidrar til innovasjon gjennom sine tjenesteleveranser til sine kunder. Generelt kan vi konkludere med at kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere er viktige for verdiskaping i Norge. De fungerer i mange sammenhenger som koblere og kunnskapsmeglere mellom organisasjoner og kunnskapsfelt. Samtidig er kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere avhengige av andre vekstkraftige næringer og en avansert offentlig sektor for å vokse og utvikle seg. Imidlertid er det flere implikasjoner vi har sett som følge av vårt studium: • Behov for mer enhetlig offentlig statistikk for å kunne følge utviklingen av kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere. • Få en bedre forståelse av hva som kjennetegner grønne beitemarker for kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere. • En mulighet for det offentlige Norge til å utvikle seg som en grønn beitemark for kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere og derigjennom drive indirekte næringsutvikling. Et eksempel på tiltak som kan bidra til å skape flere grønne beitemarker for kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere er offentlig privat samarbeid (OPS). • Forstå bedre sammenhengen mellom internasjonalisering av øvrig næringsliv og internasjonalisering av kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere. • Tilgang på rett type talenter er svært viktig for kunnskapsbaserte tjenesteytere. Pr dags dato er det spesielt ingeniørmangelen som er mest utfordrende. Her trengs det muligens et mer fleksibelt system for utenlandsk arbeidskraftrekruttering i Norge og at virksomheten utvikler kompetanse på hvordan de skal rekruttere arbeidskraft fra utlandet.
Huemer, Lars & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2011)
The Influence Paradox in Leadership:A Fundamental Source of Ambidexterity
[Academic lecture]. The 11th EURAM conference in Tallinn.
Huemer, Lars & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2011)
Redefining Leadership:The Influence Trade-off in Strategic Change
[Academic lecture]. Fourth conference on Strategic Management in Latin America.
Breunig, Karl Joachim; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Hydle, Katja Maria (2010)
Assesing The Opportunity For Global Standardization In International Professional Service Firms
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Annual Meeting 2010.
Breunig, Karl Joachim & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2010)
Autonomy or Automation? Solving the Rigidity Paradox of Dynamic Capabilities by Understanding the Interplay between Routine and Non-Routine Behaviors
[Academic lecture]. 2nd KITE Workshop.
Tomassen, Sverre & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2010)
Coordination Mechanisms as Enablers of Knowledge Sharing in International Professional Service Firms
[Academic lecture]. 26th EGOS Colloquium 'Waves of Globalization: Repetition and difference in organizing over time and space'.
Breunig, Karl Joachim & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2009)
Autonomy or Automation? Solving the Rigidity Paradox of Dynamic Capabilities by Understanding the Interplay between Routine and Non-Routine Behaviours
[Academic lecture]. NEON conference.
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2008)
Troverdige ledere vinner frem
[Article in business/trade/industry journal]. Østfold Energis blad Energico
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2008)
Learning from Which Practice
[Academic lecture]. 2nd annual workshop on Enactment and Development of Social Capital in MNEs and IPSFs.
Breunig, Karl Joachim; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Hydle, Katja Maria (2008)
A Mix Of Value Creation Processes In International Professional Service Firms: Consequences For Knowledge Management
[Academic lecture]. 28th Annual SMS Conference.
Hydle, Katja Maria; Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Breunig, Karl Joachim (2007)
Communities of Practices and Communities of Tasks for Global Professional Service Performance
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management (AoM) annual meeting.
Breunig, Karl Joachim; Hydle, Katja Maria & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild (2007)
Beyond Boundaries: Empirical foundations for a typology of international services
[Academic lecture]. the 23rd EGOS Colloquium.
Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild; Løwendahl, Bente R., Skjølsvik, Tale & FOSSTENLØKKEN, Siw Marita (2006)
Incremental learning in professional service firms: The importance of project and client characteritistics
[Academic lecture]. Organizational Learning, Knowledge and Capabilites Conference at The University of Warwick.