Anne-Britt Gran is professor in cultural policy and cultural analysis in the Department of Communication and Culture. She established the BI Center for Creative Industries (BICCI) in 2014, and is currently co-director. Gran has an interdisciplinary doctorate from the University of Oslo; theater history in an idea historical perspective. She has previously worked both at the University of Oslo, at NTNU in Trondheim and at the University of Aarhus, Denmark. Her research is characterized by multidisciplinarity and covers various areas such as theater history & performing arts, cultural policy, creative industries, cultural sponsorship, digitization of the cultural sector, cultural consumption and diversity issues.
This article concerns digitization of film distribution and exhibition in the entire cinema sector in Norway, its comprehensive consequences for diversity - seen from the perspective of cultural policy. The results of analyzing complete cinema statistics for three years (2008, 2013 and 2017) indicate that the digitization process “from film reels to film files” contributes to strengthened diversity in terms of repertoire, distribution and new audiences. For policy makers, cinema operators and researchers, the study presents positive intended and unintended consequences of digitizing the cinema sector. These positive consequences offer cinema operators new opportunities when it comes to repertoire diversity.
Gran, Anne-Britt (2021)
Digitalisering, kulturforbruk og mangfold – implikasjoner for kultursektoren og kulturpolitikken
Gran, Anne-Britt & Røssaak, Eivind (red.). Mangfold i spill: Digitalisering av kultur og medier i Norge
Gran, Anne-Britt; Booth, Peter & Bucher, Taina (2021)
Kjennskap til algoritmer - en ny digital metaferdighet
Gran, Anne-Britt & Røssaak, Eivind (red.). Mangfold i spill: Digitalisering av kultur og medier i Norge
Gran, Anne-Britt & Olsen, Bjørn Eirik (2021)
Kreativ næring og kultursektoren i Norge – omsetning, verdiskaping og sysselsetting
Gran, Anne-Britt & Røssaak, Eivind (red.). Mangfold i spill: Digitalisering av kultur og medier i Norge
Kapittelet analyserer mangfoldet i den digitaliserte film- og kinobransjen. Analyser av data fra Film & Kinos databaser og befolkningsundersøkelser identifiserer en rekke mangfoldsgevinster: Digitaliseringens infrastruktur har skapt et større tilbud og økt konkurranse i distribusjonsleddet, og demografisk har vi positive mangfoldseffekter med spesifikt tilpassede tilbud for flere grupper. Samtidig bringer digitaliseringen en rekke utfordringer, med en slags digital ambivalens som resultat.
Gran, Anne-Britt & Røssaak, Eivind (2021)
Mangfold i spill: Digitalisering av kultur og medier i Norge
Universitetsforlaget.
Gran, Anne-Britt & Olsen, Bjørn Eirik (2021)
Kreativ næring: Lokale, digitale og økonomiske perspektiver
Digitizing local cinema: Lessons on diversity from Norway
Rajala, Anne; Lindblom, Daniel & Stocchetti, Matteo (red.). The Political Economy of Local Cinema: A Critical Introduction
Digitization contains a promise of limitlessness, and the digitization of local cinemas is typically associated with intentions and expectations of greater repertory diversity. Yet, in the case of local cinemas, the promise of limitlessness encounters not only the physical constrains of single or few screens, which is typical of many local cinemas, but also the constraining influences of market forces. In theory, the self-regulated market can both increase and reduce diversity. Chris Anderson’s “Long Tail”-theory predicts that, with digital technology, local cinema film supply and consumption will be spread over a greater number of titles. However, Anita Elberse’s “Blockbuster”-theory predicts the opposite effect, that digitized local cinemas would increasingly focus on few, popular titles to maximize attendance. This chapter studies the repertory effects of digitizing Norwegian local cinemas. Within a period from 2009 to 2012, all local cinemas were equipped with digital projection technology, making Norway the first country in the world to fully digitize its cinemas. Yet, due to a virtual print fee introduced to finance the conversion, parts of the “analogue” business model stayed in force until 2016, when the fee was retracted. By studying local cinema repertory and attendance in 2008, 2013 and 2017 we can thus draw a picture of how digital technology affected local cinema in Norway. As to the effects of globalization and digitalization on cultural homogenization our results are ambivalent: We find elements of long-tail effects in the form of a greater number of culturally diverse titles offered to local patrons, but also blockbuster effects as local supply and demand remains concentrated around popular titles.
Gran, Anne-Britt; Booth, Peter & Bucher, Taina (2020)
To be or not to be algorithm aware: a question of a new digital divide?
Algorithms are an increasingly important element of internet infrastructure in that they are used to make decisions about everything from mundane music recommendations through to more profound and oftentimes life changing ones such as policing, health care or social benefits. Given algorithmic systems’ impact and sometimes harm on people’s everyday life, information access and agency, awareness of algorithms has the potential to be a critical issue. We, therefore, ask whether having awareness of algorithms or not corresponds to a new reinforced digital divide. This study examines levels of awareness and attitudes toward algorithms across the population of the highly digitized country of Norway. Our exploratory research finds clear demographic differences regarding levels of algorithms awareness. Furthermore, attitudes to algorithm driven recommendations (e.g., YouTube and Spotify), advertisements and content (e.g., personalized news feeds in social media and online newspaper) are associated with both the level of algorithm awareness and demographic variables. A cluster analysis facilitates an algorithm awareness typology of six groups: the unaware, the uncertain, the affirmative, the neutral, the sceptic and the critical.
Gran, Anne-Britt & Gjærum, Rikke Gürgens (2019)
Teaterbransjen: delbransjer, organisering og finansiering
Universitetsforlaget.
Dette er ikke en bok som fokuserer på selve teaterkunsten; det er en bok om hvordan bransjen virker. Boken tar for seg hele den norske teaterbransjen, slik den fungerer i Norge i dag. Nytt i akademisk sammenheng er at de private teatrene også er inkludert; de som spiller revy, musikal, show og stand up. Ved å kombinere et bransjeperspektiv med organisasjonsteori og kunstsosiologi, utvikler forfatterne et teoretisk rammeverk for å analysere hvordan disse ulike delene av teaterbransjen fungerer i dag. Forfatterne identifisere forskjeller og likheter mellom offentlige institusjonsteatre, de frie kompaniene og private teatre. Mye skiller dem, men like viktig er det som forener dem: Kvalitetsbevisstheten, live-møtet med publikum, teamfølelsen og jobben som livsstil. I en digital tid fremstår teatret som en lang tradisjon i en høyst levende form
Diversity is a core value of cultural policy, and the new global digital conditions for the creative industries mean new challenges for diversity at a national level. Internet has become a new infrastructure for services and platforms, and global actors as Google and Amazon are changing the play. This article is about the digitization of books, the collection of the National Library of Norway and cultural policy. It presents the results from two surveys on book and library consumption, qualitative interviews and document analysis, that capture five diversity dimensions. The results indicate the National Library’s digital collection is contributing to diversity in terms of demography, content, purpose for usage, dissemination and techno-cultural aspects. For policy makers, libraries and researchers the study demonstrates a national digital service’s contribution to expanded diversity.
Gran, Anne-Britt; Vestberg, Nina Lager, Booth, Peter & Ogundipe, Anne (2018)
A digital museum's contribution to diversity - a user study
Responding to the Norwegian cultural policy concern of diversity, this article presents the results from three data sets that capture user background, behaviour, values and opinions regarding the digital portal for museum objects, images and stories, DigitaltMuseum. Specifically, the exploratory research draws data from a ‘population’ survey of digital consumption in Norway, a DigitaltMuseum user survey, and device and usage data captured by Google Analytics. Designed, where possible, to capture a user’s perspective, the three data sources describe who uses the digital platform, their content preferences, motivation for using the platform, and what they ultimately do with material found. Although there is evidence that the findings are representative of a super-user group, the results nevertheless indicate that DigitaltMuseum is contributing to cultural diversity in terms of content, purpose for usage, and dissemination. For policymakers and administrators of online museum platforms, the study demonstrates the platform’s contribution to expanded diversity.
Gran, Anne-Britt (2017)
Kultursektoren og kreativ næring i norsk økonomi:Et dedifferensieringsperspektiv på utviklingen
Det vellykkede Bokhylla-prosjektet kan vise vei https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/i/gPyorB/-Det-vellykkede-Bokhylla-prosjektet-kan-vise-vei--Gran_-Kristensen-og-Rossaak
Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.) [Kronikk]
Gran, Anne-Britt (1)
Kultur sett fra Overhalla https://dagens.klassekampen.no/2018-11-30/kultur-sett-fra-overhalla
Klassekampen [Kronikk]
Gjærum, Rikke Gürgens & Gran, Anne-Britt (1)
Norsk skole dreper kreativiteten http://nordnorskdebatt.no/article/norsk-grunnskole-dreper
Nordic Mission Possible: An Assessment of Covid-19’s Impact on the Nordic Audiovisual Industry and the Effectiveness of Government and Industry Measures
[Report]. Handelshøyskolen BI.
We have studied the economic consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the restrictive and mitigating government and industry measures it has triggered for the audiovisual industry in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This report considers impact directly on each feature film, documentary, and drama series project. By collecting data on projects, which are the fundamental organizing units for audiovisual production, results embody impact not only on production companies, but on all participants involved in a production (cast, crew, suppliers, financiers, etc.). Hence, this approach provides a fuller picture of the whole production sector.
Krise og kreativitet i musikkbransjen – koronapandemien 2020
[Report]. BI Centre for Creative Industries.
På oppdrag fra Musikkindustriens Næringsråd, og medfinansiert av Norsk kulturråd og de regionale Musikkontorene, har BI Centre for Creative Industries (BI:CCI) gjennomført en stor spørreundersøkelse i musikkbransjen i forbindelse med koronapandemien. Formålet var å kartlegge de økonomiske konsekvensene av koronakrisen, hvilke offentlige tiltak bransjen har benyttet og hvilke nye musikkinitiativ som har oppstått som følge av krisen. Prosjektansvarlig har vært prof. Anne-Britt Gran (BI:CCI), med Linn-Birgit Kampen Kristensen (BI:CCI) som prosjektkoordinator, Peter Booth (BI:CCI) som analyseansvarlig, Audun Molde (Høyskolen Kristiania) og Anja Nylund Hagen (Musikkvitenskap, UiO) som eksperter på musikkbransjen.
Digitalisering av bok og bibliotek. DnD-rapport 2.
[Report]. Handelshøyskolen BI, Centre for Creative Industries.
Gran, Anne-Britt; Booth, Peter & Vestberg, Nina Lager (2018)
Digitaltmuseum.no DnD-rapport nr. 3.
[Report]. Handelshøyskolen BI, Centre for Creative Industries.
Olsen, Ragnhild; Solvoll, Mona K & Gran, Anne-Britt (2018)
Digitalisering av lokalt mediebruk. DnD-rapport 1
[Report]. Centre for Creative Industries.
Gran, Anne-Britt (2017)
Recommendations Industrial Policy Council for Cultural and Creative Industries in Norway (2015-2017)https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/8aeb67b6217d41b29b18b5584a87f61c/recommendations_industrial_policy_council_.pdf
[Report]. Ministry of Culture.
Gran, Anne-Britt (2017)
Innspill Næringspolitisk råd for kulturell og kreativ næring (2015-2017)https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/8aeb67b6217d41b29b18b5584a87f61c/naringspolitisk-rad-for-kulturell-og-kreativ-naring.pdf